[口语] 托福写作中如何选择合适的语法结构？

看见的幸福

　　托福写作中考生需要学会灵活运用不同的句式语法结构来体现自己在写作基本功上的水平。而许多同学常会因为不知道如何选择合适的语法结构而苦恼。下面就来分享6个选择运用语法结构的参考原则。

　　托福写作选择语法结构原则实例讲解

　　选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下，小编就来推荐几种考生们在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则：

　　1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如：

　　Thesituation that resulted in my grandfather’s not beingable to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.

　　从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather’s notbeing able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：

　　Mygrandfather couldn’t study engineering because hisfather needed help on the farm.

　　2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构，例如下面的句子：

　　There were25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard workfor my grandfather.

　　可以改为：Mygrandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.

　　更简洁的句式为：

　　Mygrandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.

　　3. 把从句改为短语或单词。例如：

　　Dairy cowswere raised on the farm， which was located100kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.

　　简介的表达方式为：

　　The dairyfarm was located in a remote area， 100 kilometers tothe nearest university.

　　4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。例如：

　　In thefall， not only did the cows have to be milked， but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.

　　本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather’s family”，而使用了被动语态后，仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：

　　In thefall， my grandfather’s familynot only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.

　　5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，例如下面这句话：

　　Mygrandfather didn’t have time to stand around doingnothing with his school friends.

　　Standaround doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：

　　Mygrandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his schoolfriends.

　　6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达，例如：

　　Profitsfrom the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet theexpenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a universitydegree.

　　两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：

　　Profitsfrom the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses， let alone pay for a university degree.

　　以上就是托福写作中选择合适语法结构的参考原则实例讲解，北京新东方北美项目部老师建议大家如果不知道如何写出结构多样化的好文章，上面提供的这些原则大家不妨学习一下。