下面与大家分享下“中考英语知识点：常见介词用法错误” [误] We got to the topof the mountain in daybreak. [正] We got to the topof the mountain at day break. [析] at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise， midday，noon， sunset， midnight， night. [误] Don’t sleep at daytime [正] Don’t sleep in daytime. [析] in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the week /month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。 [误] We visited theold man in Sunday afternoon. [正] We visited theold man on Sunday afternoon. [析] in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on，如：on a cold morning， on the morning ofJuly 14th [误] He became awritter at his twenties [正] He became awritter in his twenties [析]这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。 [误] He went to NewYork to find a job in sixteen years old. [正] He went to NewYork to find a job at sixteen. [析] 在具体年岁前用at， 如：at the age of 12， at your age，等等。 [误] We went to swimin the river in a very hot day. [正] We went to swimin the river on a very hot day. [析] 具体某一天要用介词on， 又如：on New Year‘sDay [误] I’m looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. [正] I’m looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas. [析]在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at，Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。 [误] I haven’t see you during the summer holidays. [正] I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays. [析] during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I haven‘t see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为“整整，全部的时间”。如：It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。 [误] At entering theclassroom， I heard the good news. [正] On entering theclassroom， I heard the good news. [析] On 加动名词表示“一……就”。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing… 一听见， on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词) [误] In the beginningof the book， there are some interesting stories. [正] At the beginningof the book， there are some interesting stories. [析] at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in thebeginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end=at last是指“最终，终于”之意。 [误] Till the end ofnext week. I will have finished this work. [正] By the end ofnext week. I will have finished this work. [析] by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为“不迟于某一时刻将工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I‘ll be there by five o’clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I won‘t finish this work till(until) nextweekend. [误] He came to Londonbefore last weekend. [正] He had come toLondon before last weekend. [正] He came to Londontwo weeks ago. [析] before 一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。 [误] I have studiedEnglish for three years gince I had come here. [正] I have studiedEnglish for three years since I came here. [析] since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态 [误] I can help yourepair this bike. You will get it after two hours. [正] I can help yourepair this bike. You will get it in two hours. [析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，①after多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New York. After three days， I found a job in the bank. ② after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days， 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in. [误] Three days afterhe died. [正] After three dayshe died. [正] Three days laterhe died. [析] after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。 [误] She hid herselfafter the tree. [正] She hid herselfbehind the tree. [析] after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。 [误] There is abeautiful bird on the tree. [正] There is abeautiful bird in the tree. [析] 树上长出的果实，树叶要用on， 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree. [误] Shanghai is onthe east of China. [正] Shanghai is inthe east of China. [析] 在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in， on， to. in表示在某范围之内； on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China. [误] I arrived at NewYork on July 2nd. [正] I arrived in NewYork on July 2nd. [析] at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于atthe school gate， at home， at abus stop， at the station， atthe cinema， at a small village. [误] He lived in No. 3Beijing Road. [正] He lived at No. 3Beijing Road. [析] 在门牌号码前要用at， 并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street， at the foot of the mountain， at the top ofthe page. [误] There is a colourTV set at the corner of the hall. [正] There is a colourTV set in the corner of the hall. [析] 在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：Thereis a tree at the corner of the street. [误] This weekend I’ll stay in Uncle Wang’s. [正] This weekend I’ll stay at Uncle Wang’s. [析] 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailor’s shop (裁缝店)=at a tailor’s， atthe doctor’s (去看病) at thebookseller’s (在书店) at uncleWang’s (在王叔叔家) [误] Do you know thereis some good news on today’s newspaper？ [正] Do you know thereis some good news in today’s newspaper？ [析] 在报纸上的新闻要用in， 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on. [误] The school willbegin on September 1st. [正] School will beginon September 1st. [析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)， WhenI came to Tom’s home， they wereat table. 还有： at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)， in hospital (住医院)at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。 [误] In my way to thestation， I bought a newspaper to kill time. [正] On my way to thestation， I bought a newspaper to kill time. [析]译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光“在……的路上”应用on one‘s way…。而 inthe way 有挡道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way. [误] Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into. [正] Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke in. [正] Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke intothe office. [析] in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。 [误] I’ll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. [正] I’ll leave Beijing for Shanghai. [正] I’ll leave for Shanghai. [析] leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for. [误] I’m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. [正] I’m sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop. [析] get in， 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We’d better get in. 或We’d better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get on/off(atrain， a ship， a struck) getinto/out of (a car， taxi…) [误] Be careful Thetemperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. [正] Be careful. Thetemperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. | 
发表于 2020-12-25 19:01
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